Chapter 13: Entrepreneurship and the Use of Resources

Chapter 13: Entrepreneurship and the Use of Resources


Qualifications of an Entrepreneur
Entrepreneurship is defined as “the creative ability of individuals to seek profits by taking risks and combining resources to produce innovative products.”[1] Resources are the basic categories of inputs organized by entrepreneurship to produce goods and services. It may also be defined as “the art of turning an idea into a business” or as “the process by which individuals pursue opportunities without regard to resources they currently control.”[2] According to Barringer and Ireland, the characteristics of successful entrepreneurs include passion for the business, product/customer focus, tenacity despite failure, and execution intelligence.[3] Entrepreneurs are passionate in their business, have a creative mind and leadership, persevere although they may fail, and have confidence in what they are doing.
Jeff Rose suggests 10 Bible verses for entrepreneurs:[4]
1. “Lazy hands make for poverty, but diligent hands bring wealth.” (Proverbs 10:4, NIV)
2. “Do not toil to acquire wealth; be discerning enough to desist.” (Proverbs 23:4, ESV)
3. “Sluggards do not plow in season; so at harvest time they look but find nothing.” (Proverbs 20:4)
4. “Whatever you do, work heartily, as for the Lord and not for men, knowing that from the Lord you will receive the inheritance as your reward. You are serving the Lord Christ.” (Colossians 3:23-24, ESV)
5. “In vain you rise early and stay up late, toiling for food to eat – for he(=God) grants sleep to those he loves.” (Psalm 127:2, NIV)
6. “So whatever you wish that others would do to you, do also to them, for this is the Law and the Prophets.” (Matthew 7:12, ESV)
7. “The beginning of wisdom is this: Get wisdom, and whatever you get, get insight.” (Proverbs 4:7, ESV)
8. “In all toil there is profit, but mere talk tends only to poverty.” (Proverbs 14:23, ESV)
9. “For what does it profit a man to gain the whole world and forfeit his soul?” (Mark 8:36, ESV)
10. “The plans of the diligent lead surely to abundance, but everyone who is hasty comes on to poverty.” (Proverbs 21:5, ESV)
Entrepreneurs should be diligent; be wise or discerning; have a willingness to work; work heartily for God not for men; trust God who grants (good) sleep; get wisdom and insight; act instead of mere talk; work not for this world but for the kingdom of God. The plans of the diligent entrepreneurs will lead to abundance. 

Entrepreneurs in the Bible
Entrepreneurs in the Bible are those who were successful in their businesses (for God) which were monetary or nonmonetary, making a good use of their time, money, wisdom and knowledge, and faith in God. Who are they? Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, Joseph, David, Solomon (while he was young), Jesus Christ, the faithful servants in Jesus’ parables of talents and minas, Paul, etc. 

1.      Abraham
The first person in the Bible who became wealthy was probably Abraham. The Bible does not describe in detail how Abraham became rich, but it is easy to guess. First of all, God promised him three things – land, nations, and blessings. The primary strength of Abraham is faith. Abraham was willing to take a risk, having faith in God. When Abraham was called by God, by faith he obeyed God without knowing where he would be going (Genesis 12:1-4; Hebrews 11:8). When Abraham was tested and told to offer his beloved son Isaac as a burnt offering, by faith he obeyed God without knowing what the outcome of his obedience would be (Genesis 22; Hebrews 11:17-19). Abraham became the father of faith (Genesis 15:6). Paul’s two pillars of Christianity are Genesis 15:6 and Habakkuk 2:4 in Romans (1:17; 4:3, 5, 9, 22) and Galatians (3:6, 11).
Genesis 13:2 states: “Now Abram was very rich in cattle, in silver, and in gold.” Abraham did not waste his possessions but increased them by trusting the LORD. Abraham called on the name of the LORD at Bethel (Genesis 13:4). He was not nearsighted (myopic) but generous. When Abraham’s and Lot’s flocks and herds increase, there were quarrels between Abraham’s herders and Lot’s herders. Then, Abraham suggested Lot in Genesis 13:8-9: “8Let there be no strife between you and me, and between your herdsmen and my herdsmen; for we are kinsmen. 9Is not the whole land before you? Separate yourself from me. If you take the left hand, then I will go to the right; or if you take the right hand, then I will go to the left.” Abraham allowed Lot, his nephew, to choose land first before him. So, Lot chose the whole plain of the Jordan toward Zoar that was well watered, like the garden of the LORD, like the land of Egypt (Genesis 13:10). However, as we know well, the fate of the land (Sodom and Gomorrah) that Lot chose was total destruction by God’s judgment.
What was the result of Abraham’s generosity? God tells Abraham in Genesis 13:14-17, after Lot departed from him: “14Lift up your eyes, and look from the place where you are, northward and southward and eastward and westward; 15for all the land which you see I will give to you and to your descendants forever. 16I will make your descendants as the dust of the earth; so that if one can count the dust of the earth, your descendants also can be counted. 17Arise, walk through the length and the breadth of the land, for I will give it to you.” Abraham did not let God’s promises go away without being fulfilled. He held God’s promises fast and kept them in mind. Abraham stayed near the great trees of Mamre at Hebron, where he built an altar to the LORD (Genesis 13:18) to worship him.

2.      Isaac
Isaac’s life was an imitation of Abraham. His life imitated Abraham’s strengths and weaknesses. God’s blessing on Isaac was probably due to his father’s faith. Like his father Abraham, Isaac was a coward that he lied to Abimelech king of Philistines and his men that his wife Rebekah was his sister as he was worried that the Philistines would otherwise kill him to take Rebekah as she was very beautiful (Genesis 26:1-11). This was a copy of Abraham’s lies about his wife Sarah in Genesis 12:10-20 and 20:1-18. Yet, like his father, Isaac had strong faith in God and entrepreneurial spirit. Thus, God blessed Isaac materially. Genesis 26:12-14 states: “12Isaac sowed in that land and reaped in the same year a hundredfold. The Lord blessed him, 13and the man became rich, and gained more and more until he became very wealthy. 14He had possessions of flocks and herds, and a great household, so that the Philistines envied him.” God’s blessings on Isaac are very similar to his blessings on Abraham. In that sense, we should live a good and faithful Christian life so that God continuously blesses our children and children’s children (Exodus 20:6).

3.      Jacob
Jacob wanted to obtain Esau’s birthright, his twin brother, and thus received Isaac’s blessing as the father’s blessing was regarded as God’s blessing. Jacob persuaded Esau to sell his birthright to him when he was very hungry at the price of red stew (Genesis 25:29-34). As a result, Esau also lost the first-born’s blessing to Jacob. Jacob was deceitful and greedy before he knew God. Jacob ran away from Esau when Esau realized that what would be the result of selling his birthright. He lost not only his birthright but also his father’s blessing – He found out that he lost everything.
While Jacob was running away from Esau, he was very confused. He probably sought God desperately at this moment of danger. God appeared to Jacob in his dream while he was sleeping at Luz on his way to Haran. God tells Jacob in Genesis 28:13-15: “13I am the Lord, the God of Abraham your father and the God of Isaac; the land on which you lie I will give to you and to your descendants; 14and your descendants shall be like the dust of the earth, and you shall spread abroad to the west and to the east and to the north and to the south; and by you and your descendants shall all the families of the earth bless themselves. 15Behold, I am with you and will keep you wherever you go and will bring you back to this land; for I will not leave you until I have done that of which I have spoken to you.” Next morning Jacob took the stone he placed under his head and set it up as a pillar and poured oil on top of it. He calls the place Bethel (house of God). And he made a vow in Genesis 28:20-22: “20If God will be with me, and will keep me in this way that I go, and will give me bread to eat and clothing to wear, 21so that I come again to my father’s house in peace, then the Lord shall be my God, 22and this stone, which I have set up for a pillar, shall be God’s house; and of all that thou givest me I will give the tenth to thee.” His faith in God was yet conditional.
Jacob worked diligently and wisely in his uncle Laban’s house for 20 years, getting his two daughters (Leah and Rachel) as wives and their two maid servants (Zilpah and Bilhah) from whom he got 11 sons before Jacob and his family departed Laban’s house. Jacob was patient at Laban’s house, waiting for his return to home. Jacob accumulated large wealth (Genesis 32:1-12). On his way back to home, Jacob was still afraid of facing Esau, knowing his anger. Jacob let all the people cross the ford of the Jabbok. He was left alone, and a man (God’s angel) wrestled with him until daybreak (Genesis 32:25). Jacob was adherent. Jacob was holding him fast, saying in Genesis 32:26, “I will not let you go, unless you bless me.” So, Jacob gained a new blessed name, “Israel” (יִשְׂרָאֵל), which means “wrestle with God” (Genesis 32:28).

4.      Joseph
Joseph had dreams (Genesis 37:5-11). His brothers called him “a dreamer” (Genesis 37:19). However, Joseph did not regard his dreams lightly. His dreams to him seemed to be his visions. His brothers tried to test him and his dreams by killing him: “Then we’ll see what comes of his dreams” (Genesis 37:20, NIV). And they decided to kill him. But then, they sold Joseph to the Midianite merchants (the Ishmaelites) for twenty shekels of silver (Genesis 37:28, the type of Judas Iscariot’s selling Jesus for the thirty pieces of silver, Matthew 27:3). Joseph never gave up his dreams or visions even in the midst of sufferings and imprisonment.
Joseph finally became the prime minister of Egypt, when he interpreted Pharaoh’s dreams and made them prepare for the seven-year famine (Genesis 40-41). Proverbs 29:18 states: “Where there is no vision (or dream), the people perish; but he that keepeth the law, happy is he” (KJV).

5.      David
David was a man of prayers. He always believed God’s being with him and his protection even at the moment when he was walking through the valley of the shadow of death (Psalm 23:4). As a boy, he could defeat Goliath with a sling and with a stone (1 Samuel 17:50). David’s victory over Goliath was due to his strong faith in God (1 Samuel 17:45-47). David was very successful as a king although he committed the critical trespasses of adultery (Bathsheba) and murder of an innocent one (Uriah, Bathsheba’s husband) (2 Samuel 11). It was because David was immediate in repentance and always wanted to pray to God, realizing his sins and trespasses, and be restored in his relationship with God.
Yet David failed again when he became old and wanted to number his soldiers (2 Samuel 24; 1 Chronicles 21). When David ordered Joab to number the people, Joab’s report was that there were eight hundred thousand valiant men in Israel (among ten tribes) and five hundred thousand in Judah (among the tribes of Judah and Benjamin) (2 Samuel 24:9). So, David’s army was one million and three hundred thousand strong men. However, God did not like this numbering at all.  Why? When we trust God and lean on him, we can be successful even in the midst of difficult situations. However, if we depend upon our human ability and strengths, we will fail in our entrepreneurial life.
In spite of David’s numerous sins and trespasses, God still loved David more than anybody else. God always wanted to take an example of David when he commands other people. God in 1 Kings 3:14 tells Solomon, “And if you will walk in my ways, keeping my statutes and my commandments, as your father David walked, then I will lengthen your days.” God in 1 Kings 11:38 tells Jeroboam, the first king of the northern kingdom, Israel: “And if you will hearken to all that I command you, and will walk in my ways, and do what is right in my eyes by keeping my statutes and my commandments, as David my servant did, I will be with you, and will build you a sure house, as I built for David, and I will give Israel to you.” Again, David was a man of prayers and he did not hesitate in repenting before God when he realized his sins and trespasses.

6.      Solomon
What were Solomon’s strengths that differentiated him from others? God appeared to Solomon in his dream, telling him to ask for whatever he wants God to give him (1 Kings 3:5). Then, Solomon asked God to give him “a discerning heart (or wisdom) to govern God’s people and to distinguish between right and wrong” (1 Kings 3:9). Then, God was very much pleased with Solomon. God in 1 Kings 3:12 tells Solomon: “12I will give you a wise and discerning heart, so that there will never have been anyone like you, nor will there ever be. 13Moreover, I will give you what you have not asked for – both wealth and honor – so that in your lifetime you will have no equal among kings.” Solomon’s wisdom and wise judgment was praised by many people and his reputation was widely known even to other countries. His country and people were very prospering (1 Kings 4-10).

However, Solomon’s mind departed God as he began to worship idols that were brought in with his marriages with foreign women – Solomon had three hundred wives and seven hundred concubines (1 Kings 11:3). When Solomon’s mind left God, God’s blessings also departed from Solomon. Solomon’s kingdom was divided into two. Only two tribes (Judah and Benjamin) were given to Solomon’s son Rehoboam (the Kingdom of Judah, the southern kingdom) and the other ten tribes were given to Jeroboam (the Kingdom of Israel, the northern kingdom). Human wealth and glory are temporary. Even Solomon who was commended by God when he was asking for a discerning heart failed when he turned away from God. Our success as a Christian entrepreneur is guaranteed as long as we reside in God (John 15:6-7).

7.      A Woman in Proverbs 31
Proverbs 31:1-31 describes a woman of noble character. She is a trustful wife who brings good to her husband all the days of her life (vv. 11-12). She is a very diligent, energetic, and hard worker (vv. 13-17). She knows how to make her trading profitable (v. 18). She takes care of the poor and needy people (v. 20) and her household, as well (v. 21). She fears God and is praised by other people including her husband (vv. 28-31). Proverbs 31 probably describes an ideal wife of noble character, but she is a great fit for an entrepreneur if there such person exists. 

8.      Jesus
What was Jesus’ goal as an entrepreneur? What was the purpose of his short life and three plus years of his public ministry? Jesus provokingly taught and spread the kingdom of God. Even after he was risen, Jesus continued to teach about the kingdom of God for forty more days before he was taken up into heaven (Acts 1:1-11). Jesus’ disciples did not seem to understand his teaching about the Kingdom of God. But Jesus never gave up his teaching. His ministry seemed to end when he was crucified. However, as we all know well, his ministry and teaching of the kingdom of God continued through his disciples and disciples’ disciples until today.

9.      Servants in Jesus’ Parable
The servants in Jesus’ parable of talents in Matthew 25:14-30 (also, in Luke 19:11-27) were also entrepreneurs who worked hard, running business to make profits. The Bible did not tell what kind of business they were doing, but the first servant who received five talents was successful in gaining profit – five more talents (around five million dollars’ profit) starting with the fund of five million dollars. The second servant who received two talents was also successful in gaining profit – two more talents (around two million dollars’ profit) starting with the fund of two million dollars. The master did not direct them what kind of business they should do. Those two servants who gained profits probably did not do the same business. However, as they worked hard as a good and faithful entrepreneur, each of them could gain profit (Matthew 25:21 & 23).

10.  Paul
Who was Paul? He was an arrogant Pharisee who thought Jesus blasphemed God while he was alive and now his disciples were blaspheming God by claiming that Jesus is the Son of God. He was trying to persecute his disciples. However, when he met Jesus who appeared to him in the form of light on his way to Damascus to persecute more Christians, his life turned upside down. His life changed from the one who persecuted to the one who was persecuted. 
Paul’s life seemed to be a series of failures. His spreading the gospel among Jews was rejected and the churches that he had founded still had a lot of problems other than the churches in Macedonia. Paul spent more than half of his Christian life in prisons in Jerusalem, Rome, Asia Minor, etc. Many believers probably complained about their life to God and gave up their work for God if they were in Paul’s situation. But Paul never gave up in prisons. Rather, he encouraged and comforted other Christians who were about to let their Christian beliefs go. Paul spent more than half of his Christian life in prisons in Jerusalem, Rome, Asia Minor, etc. Many believers probably complained about their life to God and gave up their work for God if they were in Paul’s situation. Paul in 2 Timothy 4:2 tells us: “Preach the word, be urgent in season and out of season, convince, rebuke, and exhort, be unfailing in patience and in teaching.” Paul had written about half of the books (13 books) in the New Testament in the form of letters which were circulated among people in the house churches in towns. How could it be possible? His spirit of persistent and adventurous entrepreneurship made this possible. 






[1] Irvin B. Tucker, Economics for Today (10th ed.). Cengage Learning, 2019, 4.
[2] B. R. Barringer and R. D. Ireland, Entrepreneurship (3rd ed.). Pearson, 2010, 6.
[3] Ibid., 9-13.
[4] Jeff Rose, “10 Bible Verses Every Entrepreneur Needs to Read,” Good Financial Cents. (August 12, 2013). Retrieved from https://www.goodfinancialcents.com/bible-verses-about-business-entrepreneurship.

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